Madura has a wealth of
traditional arts of the vast, varied and very valuable. In the face of the
global world that impact materialism and pragmatism, the presence of
traditional arts in civic life in Madura is necessary, so that we do not get
stuck in a foreign morality against the morality of the local or national
identity.
We as a people must
know the original Madura Madura culture is still alive, and even that would
have become extinct. The introduction of a wide range of Madurese culture will
be expected to arouse a sense of nationhood we will of local arts.
Madura is known as a
barren region, but rich in culture. Cultural property found in Madura
constructed from a variety of cultural elements both from the influence of
animism, Hinduism and Islam. Marriage of the three elements are very dominant
existing culture. In the development of various art religious, especially
Islamic nuances turned out to be prominent.
Diversity and various
forms of traditional cultural arts in Madura shows just how high the culture of
the nation of Indonesia. Traditional art treasures that contains the values
which is based on Islamic religious values should be preserved and made known
to the younger generation as the successor to the nation's heritage.
Traditional arts are a
wealth of local cultural assets to be able to protect the young generation from
the negative effects of globalization. The influence of global culture so
aggressively through the electronic media and print media caused the younger
generation lost their identity. By knowing the local culture expected young
people to explore the potential wealth at the same time preserve the
traditional art.
Broadly speaking, these
kinds of Madurese traditional culture can be divided into four groups and each
of these groups has a different purpose and function, as for other types of
traditional culture are:
First, the art of music
or sound art that is macapat, saronen music and music-Ghul Ghul. Macapat is a
song (singing) were initially used as a medium to praise Allah (praise
religious) in the mosque before being implemented obligatory prayers, the song
is full soft touch and bring kesahduan soul. In addition to containing the
praise song also contains the teachings, suggestions and an invitation to love
science, teachings together to fix the damage to moral and character, to find
the essence of truth and shaping human personality and culture. Through this
song every man tapped her to better understand and explore the meaning of life.
Poem macapat a manifestation of man's relationship with nature, and man's
dependence on the Lord of the Universe. Example macapat:
Mara Kacong teaching
onggu, kapenterran mara sare,
Teach religious elmo,
elmo kadunnya'an pole,
Sala settongnga
pabidda, teach bi 'onggu ate.
Elmo Nyare patar onggu,
Sala settong ja
'paceccer,
Elmo kadunnyaan Reya,
Menangka sangona Odhi
Dineng eimo religion,
menangka sangona mate.
Paccowan kenga'e
Kacong, bajangnga je 'ella'e,
Sa'are samalem coma,
Obligatory prayers
entry kale,
Badha pole sonnat
prayer, salat tire rawatib other (anggoyudo, 1983)
Art music or art next
sound is the music Saronen. Several cultural attractions Madura accompaniment
musical instrument is saronen. This music is the music that is very complex and
versatile that can deliver nuance in accordance with their interests. Although
saronen music is a blend of several musical instruments, but the most dominant
is wriggle-liukan inflatable device in the form of a cone as the main
instrument, the instrument called saronen.
The music comes from
the village of Spring saronen Pragaan District of Sumenep derived from the word
senninan (Monday)
Madura is famous as an
ethnic tribe rampart, plain, open and warm, so that kind of joyous music and
rhythm ber mars be the most fitting choice. To accompany bull sarka be played
right rhythm music game that is fast and dynamic, while lorongan jhalan cadence
(rhythm being) played at the time on the way to the location of bull. Cadence
lorongan toju 'usually play songs gending ber gentle rhythm, usually used to
accompany the bride out and the gate to the door of the aisle.
Art type of music or
voice sent jutnya hose-Ghul Ghul is music that is dominated by a drum
(Ghul-Ghul). But in this music game development incorporate other musical
instruments, wind instruments and both percussion instruments. Specific
features of this instrument are located on the model drum menggelem big fella
in the middle. Music-Ghul Ghul was created to accompany the pigeons when it is
flying. Musical accompaniment is used as a means of entertainment for the
organization (association) "gettak virgin", when snapped then dove released
into the atmosphere, the music is intended to menyemarak the atmosphere, the
music-Ghul Ghul comes from the village of East Lenteng Lenteng District of
Sumenep.
Secondly, sent a dance
or movement that is tan and dance duplang muang denied. Madurese traditional
dance movements never be separated from the words contained in the Quran as the
word Allahu or Muhammad, as well as the limits of hand movement never exceeded
the limits of the breast. Dance muang denied is sent a tradition that has
survived until now, the dance has undergone changes which become compulsory
dance to welcome the guests who come to Sumenep. While Meru feed duplang Dance
dance specific, unique and rare.
The uniqueness of this
dance is because this dance come into one's vision right a procession complete
depiction of the life of a village woman. Women who worked hard as a farmer
that had been forgotten. Woven and assembled in movements were very beautiful,
gentle, and graceful. This dance was created by a dancer named Nyi Raisa
palace. The last generation that is able to master this dance is Nyi Suratmi,
and the dance is rarely performed after the change of government system, the
transition from the king to the regents system. Since then the dance is rarely
staged. Because the level of difficulty is very high, so many dancers are
reluctant to learn it, it is not surprising that duplang dance is now not known
and remembered by artists dance the next generation. Thus dance is totally
extinct.
Third, a ritual that is
Sandhur Pantel. Farming communities or Madurese traditional fishing communities
using the ritual as a means of dealing with supernatural beings or media
communications with a single Essence, creator of the universe.
Each perform rituals
media art becomes an integral part of the entire process. Madurese call sandhur
or dhamong ghardham, that rite is danced, with a variety of purposes, among
others, to invoke the rain, guaranteeing a well full of water, to honor the
shrine, removing the danger of the disease or prevent the disaster, while the
shape of dancing and singing to the accompaniment of music.
Areas that have this
art spread in the eastern part of Madura. There Batuputih rokat rite Dangdang,
rokat somor, rokat bhuju, rokat thekos corn. In Pasongsongan are sandhur lorho
'. In Guluk-guluk are sandhuran duruding, carried out when the harvest of corn
and tobacco, in the form of singing men or women or both at once without
musical accompaniment. Live music played by the participants in a manner
mimicking the sound of various musical instruments. In traditional communities
who still believe that the ritual sandhur panthel be employed as a media
liaison with the creator. But this ritual is actually against Islam nor taught
in the Qur'an and Sunnah, so this is an innovation come into one's vision right
and unlawful if implemented.
Various forms of art is
a wealth of local cultural assets to be able to protect the nation's children
from a variety of global culture impact. The influence of global culture is now
so intense, flowing from various mass media door, causing the younger
generation lost their identity. The wealth of art and culture which is owned by
the tribes in Indonesia will gradually become extinct, it is caused by the
indifference of the various elements, both local authorities, government
agencies, formal and informal leaders, the people or the younger generation.
But that is very important to note in this respect, whether it is appropriate
or culture in accordance with the teachings of Islam ...! ?? If it is not, then
it is not mandatory preserved culture.
Fourth, the performing
arts in the form of bull and masks puppeteer. Race spur cattle were first
introduced in the 15th century (1561 AD) during the reign of Prince Katandur in
Sumenep palace. The game and the race is not much of a connection with the
daily activities of farmers, within the meaning of this game mem provide
motivation to the obligation of farmers to their fields and in addition that
farmers increase livestock production cows.
However, the bull race
is now unlike before and has been abused so much more harm than good. The
problem is many of the players and the spectators who forgets his duty as a
servant of Allah, that they no longer establish the prayer (Forgotten God,
remember the cow). Bull has become identity, trade mark and a symbol of
strength and wealth of the Cultural assets Madura. In the tourism sector, bull
mempakan major supplier and Revenue Expenditure Budget (APBD), because of this
sector of the domestic and foreign tourists come to Madura to witness the bull.
But it is unfortunate
because it is happening now, foreign tourists and domestic own little would
come to watch the race bull, it is because they see the torture of animals by
giving something sharp objects and others to the cow, so that the cows run
faster and be a winner. Moreover, not a few of the people who made the bull
race betting as gambling arena. So it appropriate this culture continues to be
preserved longer, if it so happens??
The next performance
art is a mask mastermind, is said to mask said to be the oldest art. The shape
of the mask that was developed in Madura is different from the mask in Java,
Sunda and Bali. Madura masks are generally smaller shape and almost all masks
carved on the top of the head with a variety of ornaments. Variety is the most
popular ornamental decoration jasmine flowers. As for the portrayal of the
character in the mask mastermind other than look at the shape of the face also
in the choice of colors, to figure soulless clean use of color and white, color
red to figures quiet and affectionate, color black to figure wisely net of
lust, yellow gold to figure a graceful and dignified, yellow color for the
grumpy character, cunning and arrogant.
Each staging mask
mastermind all players predominantly male, dancers of approximately 15-25
people in the play are staged all night, while her accessories are taropong,
sapiturung, ghungseng, bats, hair and naughty. As for the female lead is in the
form of additional accessories sampur, snake necklace, bracelet and a diadem.
Masque mastermind Madura is the only traditional theater is able to raise the
prestige of the traditional arts. In the era of the 80s until the 90s masks
mastermind Sumenep wandered up to the Americas, Asia and Europe, major cities
are visited are London, Amsterdam, Belgium, France, Japan and New York.
Appearance traditional art is able to attract, riveting and hypnotic and cause
the admiration of the audience, so warm sam butane international community of
the arts mask mastermind.
But it is a pity,
admiration has ever built by the puppet masters in the past, are now starting
to fade due to lack of interest, this art began to wane, especially in urban
communities, because it is considered obsolete. This time the play is only done
in the rural areas still care and love this art. Traditional theater art owned
Madura tribe shows just how high the value of the culture of this tribe. The
values are grounded adiluhur the religious values, should be reintroduced on
to future generations as the rightful owner or heir cultures. Moreover,
regeneration and preservation is packaged in a flexible and flexible in
accordance with the existing development. As guardian Songo make the media arts
as a means of propaganda without losing the values of philosophy and identity.
So therefore, the
Regional Government, society and especially the younger generation of students
today musst be a milestone as a preserver of regional culture Madura, so that
there is no culture that has been lost or destroyed and will continue to be the
pride of the nation. But culture also need to match and can not be separated
from the norms or rules of Islam, thus excluding a culture that is not allowed
and forbidden by religion.
Cultural Differences
with Java Madura
Madura is the name of
the island which is located to the north of East Java. Madura Island is the
amount of approximately 5,250 km2 (smaller than the island of Bali), with a
population of 4 million. Madura is divided into four districts, Bangkalan,
Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep.
Bangkalan located at
the western tip of the island of Madura and today has built the longest bridge
in Indonesia, the longest bridge (Surabaya-Madura), is one area of Surabaya
development, as well as covered in Gerbangkertosusila. And unique Sumenep which
is one of the districts in Madura addition to consisting of the land area,
consisting also of islands totaling 126 islands.
Although most regions
including the region is the island of Madura, Madura but still has its own
culture. Madura culture different from Javanese culture. Madura culture that
comes from the palace, somewhat influenced by the Javanese court culture. Both
in the arts, dance, macopat, language, or gending gamelan. But this does not
mean Madura does not have its own cultural roots.
Significant differences
can be seen in everyday life, nature Madurese more egalitarian and open, in
contrast to the nature of Java has the properties "ewuh pakewuh". In
any case seeking sustenance, Madurese since the past has dared to migrate to
the outer islands. This is evidenced by the many Madurese spread almost all
over the State and even to the extent that overseas there is any.
Madura society known to
also have a distinct culture, unique, stereotypical, and stigmatic. Typical
terms here indicates that the entity has the Madurese ethnic-cultural
specificity that is not similar to other ethnic communities ethnography.
Cultural specificity is partly visible on obedience, submission, and surrender
them to the four major figures in the life that is Buppa, Babu, thunder, tire
ratoh (Father, Mother, Teacher and Leader of Government).
In addition, also
Madura still have some cultural values that need to be preserved and
developed. Among them are such phrases as: "Manossa coma dharma",
this phrase indicates a belief in the power of God Almighty. "Abhantal
ombha 'asapo' angen, abhantal syahadad asapo" faith ", the show will
intertwine kelindannya Madurese culture with the values of Islam. "Bango
'jhuba'a e No' etembang jhuba 'a e cultivation", is better than ugly ugly
in front of behind. "Asel ta 'adhina origin", reminds us not forget
themselves when to be successful and will always remember the origin of the
existence of self. "Lakonna lakone, kennengngana kennengnge" along
with the phrase "The right man in the right place". "Pae 'jha'
dhuli palowa, manes jha 'dhuli kalodu", advise that we do not rush to make
a decision based solely on the phenomenon. We need to explore the root causes,
recently conducted an analysis to then set the policy. "Karkar colpe
'", can be developed to cultivate an attitude of working hard and smart,
if we want to reap the results to be enjoyed.
Another uniqueness of
Madurese culture is basically shaped and influenced by the geographical and
topographical conditions of the Madurese who mostly live in coastal areas, so
that the majority of the population Madura livelihood as a fisherman.
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